Avaliação do hábito intestinal em pacientes com câncer que utilizam morfina para o controle da dor / Evaluation of intestinal habits of cancer patients under morphine for pain control

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Há poucos dados na literatura sobre constipação intestinal secundária ao uso de morfina em pacientes com câncer. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o hábito intestinal de pacientes com câncer em uso de morfina. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo, não aleatório, realizado no período de fevereiro a novembro de 2007. Todos os pacientes tinham câncer, idade superior a quatro anos e utilizavam morfina para o controle da dor. Após 24h do início da morfina os pacientes receberam laxantes. A avaliação do hábito intestinal foi realizada através de um questionário estruturado. Quando necessário, foi realizado desimpactação das fezes por via retal ou oral. RESULTADOS: Foram admitidos 22 pacientes com câncer e idade entre cinco e 35 anos (média 16,7 anos), dos quais 63,6% estavam em cuidados paliativos. Na primeira semana de uso morfina e lactulona, 40,9% dos pacientes ficaram constipados. Na segunda e terceira semanas, a constipação ocorreu em 38,8% e 16,6%, respectivamente. Com o tratamento adotado foi possível controlar o quadro de constipação em 50% dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: A constipação intestinal foi frequente; entretanto, a atenção específica ao hábito intestinal destes pacientes aumentou a adesão aos laxantes e reduziu a formação do fecaloma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are few data in the literature on intestinal constipation secondary to morphine in cancer patients. This study aimed at evaluating intestinal habits of cancer patients under morphine. METHOD: This is a prospective non-randomized study carried out from February to November 2007. All patients had cancer, over 4 years of age and were under morphine for pain control. Patients received laxatives 24 hours after starting with morphine. Intestinal habits were evaluated through a structured questionnaire. When needed, feces were rectally or orally desimpacted. RESULTS: Twenty-two cancer patients aged between 5 and 35 years (mean 16.7 years) were admitted, of whom 63.6% were under palliative care. During the first week under morphine and lactulose, 40.9% of patients were constipated. In the second and third weeks, constipation was present in 38.8% and 16.6% of patients, respectively. Treatment was able to control constipation in 50% of cases. CONCLUSION: Constipation was frequent however the specific attention to their intestinal habits has increased adherence to laxatives and has decreased the formation of fecal impaction.

Ideal vial size for bortezomib: real-world data on waste and cost reduction in treatment of multiple myeloma in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: Single-size vials of drugs may be a source of waste and increase in treatment costs. Bortezomib, indicated for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment, is available in 3.5-mg vials, a quantity higher than the average dose commonly prescribed. This analysis aimed to demonstrate, through real-world data, which would be the optimal vial presentation for bortezomib in Brazil and quantify the reduction in medication waste related to this option. METHODS: From November 2007 to October 2009 all patients with MM treated with bortezomib were identified via the Evidências database. Analysis of prescribed, dispensed, and wasted doses, their costs and projections of the ideal vial size were performed. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients (mean body surface area of 1.73 m(2)) received 509 infusions in 131 cycles of treatment (average of 3.77 cycles per patient). The average dose prescribed was 2.1 mg per infusion (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.97-2.26) with average waste of 39.5% of the vial content (95% CI 35.35-43.76). The mean waste per patient per day was 1.38 mg (95% CI 1.24-1.52). If a 3-mg vial were available, the average drug waste per patient per day would be 0.88 mg (95% CI 0.74-1.03) or 36.2% less. With a 2.5-mg vial the waste would be 1.05 mg (95% CI 0.81-1.29) or 23.9% less. If two presentations were available (2.5 mg and 0.5 mg), the waste would be 0.52 mg (95% CI 0.4-0.63) or 62.5% less. Considering the price of the different vials to be proportional to the original 3.5-mg vial, the cost would be also reduced by the same rates described above. CONCLUSIONS: A simple adjustment in vial size may reduce the waste of bortezomib by 36% to 62% and can also reduce the cost of treatment.

Does the less aggressive multimodal approach of treating bladder-prostate rhabdomyosarcoma preserve bladder function?

PURPOSE: The treatment of bladder-prostate rhabdomyosarcoma has evolved into multimodal therapy, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and organ sparing surgery with bladder preservation. We investigated bladder function in children who underwent multimodal therapy at our institution and retained the original bladder for at least 6 months after treatment ended. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 8 children with bladder-prostate rhabdomyosarcoma treated at our institution between 1999 and 2003 according to inclusion criteria. All patients underwent history, physical examination and urodynamic study at least 6 months after completion of treatment (range 6 to 39 months). RESULTS: All patients were treated following the same chemotherapy and radiotherapy scheme. Three patients (37.5%) were asymptomatic and had normal urodynamic studies, and 1 had only dysuria (this patient later underwent continent urinary diversion with transverse colon). The 4 remaining patients had urological complaints, and the urodynamic findings were reduced bladder capacity in 4, overactivity plus sensory urgency in 2, sensory urgency only in 1 and suprapubic pain during filling in 1. CONCLUSIONS: Among 8 patients 3 had normal urinary function and 4 had minor tolerable alterations. Cystectomy and urinary diversion were later necessary in only 1 patient due to disabling dysuria. The fact that the original functioning bladder was preserved in 7 of 8 patients suggests the feasibility of multimodal therapy. Long-term followup will still be necessary for definite conclusions, since we recognize that the deleterious effects, mainly of radiotherapy, may take longer to become evident.